Oregon Esthetician State Board

Which type of cosmetic ingredient is known to cause an allergic reaction in some individuals?

1. Surfactants

2. Colorants

3. Fragrances

4. Emollients

The correct answer is: Fragrances

Fragrances are well-documented for their potential to cause allergic reactions in some individuals. This is particularly significant due to the diverse array of natural and synthetic fragrance compounds used in cosmetic products, which can provoke sensitivities. People with skin conditions such as eczema or those with sensitive skin can be particularly susceptible to fragrance-induced reactions. Allergic responses may manifest as rashes, itching, or other skin irritations. In contrast, while surfactants, colorants, and emollients might occasionally lead to irritation or adverse reactions, they are less commonly associated with allergy-like responses compared to fragrances. Surfactants can strip moisture from the skin and potentially cause irritant reactions in sensitive individuals, but they generally do not provoke the same level of allergic response as fragrances. Colorants can also cause irritation in some people, especially those allergic to specific pigments, but again, they are less frequently linked to broader allergic reactions. Emollients are typically well-tolerated, designed to hydrate and soothe the skin, and are known for their non-irritating properties, making them the least likely to be associated with allergic reactions.